Adopted in 1983. The flag of Mozambique has three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. The black band is edged in white. Centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence. The rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism. (ref: CIA World Factbook)