Adopted in 1825. The flag of Peru has three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band. The coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna (representing fauna), a cinchona tree (the source of quinine, signifying flora), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins (denoting mineral wealth). Red recalls blood shed for independence, white symbolizes peace. (ref: CIA World Factbook)